Browse — tag · logic

Tag: logic

Pages tagged with logic.

63 pages

• Allgemein / Besonderes / Einzelnes (Universal / Particular / Individual, Hegel)

  Allgemeinheit, Besonderheit, and Einzelheit — universality, particularity, individuality — are the three moments of the Concept in Hegel's Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 32–52). Each moment is the whole Concept under one inflection — n…

• Aristotle

  Ancient Greek philosopher (384–322 BCE), student of Plato, founder of the Lyceum, author of the Organon (the syllogistic logic), Metaphysics, Physics, De anima, Nicomachean Ethics, Politics, Poetics, and the biological works. On the wiki,…

• Bedingung / Sache an sich (Condition / The Thing Itself, Hegel)

  Bedingung (condition) and Sache an sich (the thing itself) are the paired transitional categories that bridge Grund and Existenz in the Erster Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5180–5263). The cardinal formulation: "wenn alle…

• Bernard Bolzano

  Bohemian priest, mathematician, and logician (1781–1848), author of the Wissenschaftslehre (1837) — for Husserl "one of the greatest logicians of all time," whose work "far surpasses everything that world-literature has to offer in the way…

• Bestimmte Negation (Determined Negation)

  Bestimmte Negation — determined negation — is Hegel's signature account of the engine of dialectical movement. Its locus classicus is the Einleitung to the Wissenschaft der Logik at GW 21 raw 898 ("das Negative eben so sehr positiv ist, od…

• Bestimmtheit / Bestimmung / Beschaffenheit / Grenze (Determinacy Quartet)

  Hegel's four-term vocabulary for the categorial structure of Daseyn: Bestimmtheit (determinacy in general), Bestimmung (the something's intrinsic determination), Beschaffenheit (its extrinsic constitution), and Grenze (the limit where Best…

• Blind vs. Manifested Necessity (Hegel)

  The distinction between blind and manifested necessity is Hegel's signature account of the necessity-passes-into-freedom doctrine, located in the closing pages of the Dritter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 6131–6168, with…

• Centralität (Centrality / Free Mechanism, Hegel)

  Centralität (or Centralkörper / freier Mechanismus) is the absolute moment of Mechanism in the Objectivität-section of the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 143–146, with the cardinal political application at p. 152). The multiplicity of…

• Daseyn (Hegel)

  Hegel's Daseyn (modern German Dasein; English: "determinate being," "being-there," sometimes "existent being") is the second major category of the Doctrine of Being — Seyn mit einer Bestimmtheit (being with a determinacy). It is the result…

• der Begriff (the Concept, Hegel)

  Hegel's Begriff (capital C in English: "the Concept") is the central category of the Subjective Logic and the truth into which substance dialectically resolves itself. It is not what Kantian, Fregean, or ordinary-language usage calls a "co…

• Die absolute Idee (the absolute Idea)

  The absolute Idee is the closing category of Hegel's Wissenschaft der Logik and the system's self-reflective closure — the chapter (GW 12 pp. 236–253) where Hegel reads the entire WdL retroactively as the unfolding of the speculative metho…

• die Idee (the Idea, Hegel)

  Die Idee — the Idea — is the third and culminating moment of the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 173–253), positioned after Subjectivität (Begriff / Urtheil / Schluß) and Objectivität (Mechanism / Chemism / Teleology). The Idea is the a…

• Erkennen (Cognition, Hegel)

  Erkennen — Cognition — is the second shape of die Idee in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 192–243), positioned between Life and the absolute Idea. Cognition is the Idea split into the theoretical (subjective Idea seeking the Object)…

• Erscheinung (Appearance, Hegel)

  Erscheinung — appearance — is the second moment of the Zweyter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5466–5635), positioned between Existenz (and the Ding-doctrine) and wesentliches Verhältnis. Hegel's cardinal thesis: "Das Wesen…

• Existenz (Existence, Hegel)

  Existenz — existence — is the first category of the Zweyter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5266–5306). Existenz is mediated immediacy that has come forth from Grund: not a property of Wesen but Wesen's externalization, the…

• Freedom (Hegel)

  Freyheit — freedom — is the cardinal categorial achievement of the Concept in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12). The cardinal formulations:

• Freie Entlassung (free release into Nature)

  The freie Entlassung is the closing non-transition of Hegel's Wissenschaft der Logik (GW 12 p. 253): the absolute Idea "entläßt sich frey" into Nature. This is not a Werden or Uebergehen of the kind seen in the Doctrine of Being — Hegel ma…

• Fürsichseyn (Being-for-Self)

  Fürsichseyn — being-for-self — is the third and final chapter of the Bestimmtheit / Qualität section of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw 2439–2842). It is the truth of Daseyn: a being-for-itself in which all otherness has been internalized…

• Gegensatz (Opposition, Hegel)

  Gegensatz — opposition (positive / negative) — is the third of the four Reflexionsbestimmungen in the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4724 ff.). Gegensatz introduces positive and negative as moments that each contain the other: positive is…

• Gesetz der Erscheinung (Law of Appearance, Hegel)

  The Gesetz der Erscheinung — law of appearance — is a sub-doctrine of the Erscheinung-section of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5488–5544). Hegel's cardinal characterization: a Newtonian-style law (e.g., spaces traversed in fall as squ…

• Gottlob Frege

  German logician (1848–1925), founder of modern quantificational logic and — with Bolzano behind him — "the grandfather" of analytic philosophy (Dummett). He enters the wiki through his double relation to Husserl in the Logical Investigatio…

• Grund (Ground / Sufficient Reason, Hegel)

  Grund — ground, sufficient reason — is the third and closing chapter of the Erster Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4924–5263). Grund is what remains when the four Reflexionsbestimmungen (Identität → Verschiedenheit → Gegens…

• Ideality of Meaning

  Investigation I's central positive doctrine (husserl-1900-logical-investigations-vol1): the meaning (Bedeutung) of an expression is an ideal unity — "an identity in the strict sense, one and the same," whoever asserts it and however often…

• Identität (Identity, Hegel)

  Identität is the first of the four Reflexionsbestimmungen in the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4574–4634). Hegel's cardinal thesis: "Die Identität ist also an ihr selbst absolute Nichtidentität" (raw 4598) — identity at itself is absolute…

• John Stuart Mill

  English philosopher and logician (1806–1873), author of A System of Logic (1843). He enters the wiki as the chief named target of Husserl's Prolegomena (husserl-1900-logical-investigations-vol1) — the paradigm of "extreme, consistent psych…

• Knotenlinie (Nodal Line of Measure-Relations)

  The Knotenlinie von Maßverhältnissen — nodal line of measure-relations — is Hegel's signature claim in the Maß-section of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw ~5150–5300): quantitative changes accumulate continuously up to a node, at which a q…

• Leben (Life, Hegel — logical category)

  Das Leben — Life — is the first concrete shape of die Idee in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 179–198). Crucially: Hegel insists that the logical concept of Life is to be distinguished from Naturleben (the life of nature, treated in…

• Logical Investigations, Volume I (Prolegomena to Pure Logic; Investigations I–II) Edmund Husserl, 1900

  Author: Edmund Husserl · Year: 1900–01 (2nd ed. 1913; this reading: Findlay trans. 1970, Routledge 2001, ed. Moran) · Type: book (first of two English volumes; = German Vol. I + the Introduction and Investigations I–II of German Vol. II, P…

• Logical Investigations, Volume II (Investigations III–VI) Edmund Husserl, 1901

  Author: Edmund Husserl · Year: 1901 (2nd ed. 1913/1921; this reading: Findlay trans. 1970, Routledge 2001, ed. Moran) · Type: book (second of two English volumes; = Investigations III–V of German Vol. II Part I + Investigation VI, which is…

• Logique de fait

  Merleau-Ponty's 1946 figure for the rationality history exhibits in fact — without the necessity of formal logic, without the abstraction of Kantian transcendental logic, without the closure of Hegelian Wissenschaft der Logik. Logique de f…

• Maß (Measure, Hegel)

  Maß (in GW 21's 1832 spelling, Maaß) is the third Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw 4660–5571) — the categorial unity of Qualität and Quantität. A determinate quantum as qualifying — change it sufficiently and the qualitative d…

• Modal Triad (Wirklichkeit / Möglichkeit / Notwendigkeit, Hegel)

  The modal triad — Wirklichkeit (actuality), Möglichkeit (possibility), Notwendigkeit (necessity) — structures the central chapter of the Dritter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5851–6131). Each term is a categorial moment,…

• Objectivität (Objectivity, Hegel)

  Objectivität — objectivity — is the second moment of the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 127–172), positioned between Subjectivität (Begriff / Urtheil / Schluß) and die Idee. Objectivität is "the Concept fallen into objectivity" — and i…

• Parts and Wholes (Fundierung)

  Investigation III's formal theory (husserl-1901-logical-investigations-vol2) — on Husserl's own account the presupposition of "all phenomenological investigations." Its cardinal distinction: parts divide into pieces (Stücke: parts independ…

• Psychologism

  The thesis — dominant in late nineteenth-century logic (Mill, Sigwart, Erdmann, Lipps, Wundt) — that "the essential theoretical foundations of logic lie in psychology," so that logical laws are psychological laws of thinking, or normative…

• Pure Logic

  Husserl's positive Idea in the Prolegomena (husserl-1900-logical-investigations-vol1): logic as a purely theoretical, a priori, "internally closed" science — the theory of science (Wissenschaftslehre, Bolzano's term), in the limit the theo…

• Pure Logical Grammar

  Investigation IV's doctrine (husserl-1901-logical-investigations-vol2): meanings — the ideal unities of ideality-of-meaning — stand under a priori laws of combination, and the theory of these laws, the Formenlehre der Bedeutungen, is "a fi…

• Quantität (Hegel)

  Quantität (also Größe) is the second Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw 2843–4659), positioned between Fürsichseyn (the close of Qualität) and Maß (the categorial unity of Qualität and Quantität). Hegel's signature claim: Quanti…

• Reflexion (Hegel)

  Hegel's Reflexion — the engine of the entire Doctrine of Essence — is not a subjective comparison-and-generalization activity (Kantian reflection) nor introspection (Cartesian-Lockean). It is an ontological structure of Wesen itself: "abso…

• Reflexionsbestimmungen (Reflection-Determinations)

  The four Reflexionsbestimmungen of difference — Identität, Verschiedenheit, Gegensatz, Widerspruch — form a single graded sequence in which difference deepens until it becomes contradiction, and contradiction dissolves into Grund. Located…

• Schein (Semblance / Show, Hegel)

  Schein — semblance, show, illusion — is the second category of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4344–4378), positioned between Wesen-as-such and Reflexion. Hegel's cardinal thesis: "Der Schein ist das eigene Setzen des Wesens" (raw 4308…

• Schlechte vs. wahre Unendlichkeit (Bad vs. True Infinity)

  Hegel's distinction between the schlechte (bad / spurious) and wahre (true / affirmative) infinity is the signature thesis of the Unendlichkeit-chapter of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw ~2270–2438). The locus classicus: "die Hauptsache i…

• Schluß (Syllogism, Hegel)

  Der Schluß — the syllogism — is the third moment of Subjectivität in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 90–125). Hegel's cardinal thesis: the syllogism is "the truth of judgment" — and in its developed form, "everything rational is a s…

• Schmerz als Vorrecht des Lebendigen (Pain as Privilege of the Living, Hegel)

  Schmerz als Vorrecht des Lebendigen — pain as privilege of the living — is Hegel's cardinal formulation in the Life chapter of the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 p. 194). The full sentence: "Der Schmerz ist daher das Vorrecht lebendiger Na…

• Sein, Nichts, Werden (Being, Nothing, Becoming)

  The opening triad of Hegel's Wissenschaft der Logik — pure Sein (Being), pure Nichts (Nothing), and Werden (Becoming) as their truth. Pure Being and pure Nothing are the same: equally featureless, equally indeterminate, equally empty. Thei…

• Setzen / Voraussetzen (Positing / Presupposing, Hegel)

  The paired terms Setzen (positing) and Voraussetzen (presupposing) are the engine of Reflexion in the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4400–4516). Hegel's cardinal claim: "die setzende Reflexion ist von Anfang an auch voraussetzend" — the po…

• Substanz (Substance, Hegel)

  Substanz — substance — is the first moment of the Dritter Abschnitt (Wirklichkeit) of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 6181–6206, with the cardinal Spinoza-Anmerkung at raw 5951–5989). Substance is Spinoza's principle taken with utmost s…

• Teleology (Hegel)

  Teleologie is the third and culminating sub-moment of Objectivität in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 154–172). For Hegel, teleology is not a regulative maxim of reflective judgment (Kant's restriction in the Critique of Judgment) a…

• Unendliches Urtheil (Infinite Judgment, Hegel)

  The unendliches Urtheil — infinite judgment — is a sub-doctrine of the Urtheil des Daseyns in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 76–77). The infinite judgment is a judgment in which subject and predicate share no common sphere: "the sp…

• Ur-Theilung (Original Parting, Hegel)

  Ur-Theilung (or Ur-Teilung) is Hegel's etymological-philosophical move on the German Urtheil (judgment) in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 60–66). The compound Ur-theilen reads Urtheil as the original (Ur) parting (Theilung) — judgm…

• Urtheil (Judgment, Hegel)

  Urtheil — judgment — is the second moment of Subjectivität in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 53–89). Hegel's cardinal thesis: judgment is not the connection of two pre-existing concepts but the original Theilung — the Ur-Theilung —…

• Verkehrte Welt (Inverted World, Hegel)

  The verkehrte Welt — inverted world — is one of Hegel's signature dialectical figures, attested in both the Phenomenology of Spirit (p. 96) and the 1813 Wissenschaft der Logik (GW 11 raw 5619 ff.). The cardinal philological feature: the Wd…

• Verschiedenheit (Diversity / Difference, Hegel)

  Verschiedenheit — diversity, difference (external) — is the second of the four Reflexionsbestimmungen in the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4660 ff.). Verschiedenheit is difference held externally — two terms held apart by a third (the "In…

• Wahlverwandschaft (Elective Affinity, Hegel)

  Wahlverwandschaft — elective affinity — is the chemical sub-doctrine of reales Maaß in the Maß-section of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw ~5050–5150). Hegel reads the Berthollet-Berzelius dispute on chemical affinity as a categorial dispu…

• Wechselwirkung (Reciprocal Action, Hegel)

  Wechselwirkung — reciprocal action — is the closing category of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 6377–6397). Hegel's signature claim: Wechselwirkung is not the truth — it is the dissolution of the Causalitätsverhältnis but not itself the…

• Wesen (Essence, Hegel)

  Hegel's Wesen — Essence — is the middle book of the Wissenschaft der Logik and the only section Hegel never revised. Wesen is not a hidden substrate behind Sein but Sein's own zeitlos vergangene recoil into itself: knowledge that wants the…

• Wesentliches Verhältnis (Essential Relation, Hegel)

  The wesentliche Verhältniß — essential relation — is the closing triadic structure of the Erscheinung-section of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5637–5848). Three stages, each formally incomplete because identity and difference of the r…

• Widerspruch (Hegel)

  Hegel's Widerspruch — contradiction — is the most famous and most contested doctrine in his Logic: that contradiction is the positive root of all motion, life, and drive, not a defect to be avoided. The locus classicus is the Anmerkung to…

• Wirklichkeit (Actuality, Hegel)

  Wirklichkeit — actuality — is the central category of the Dritter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5851 ff.). Wirklichkeit is higher than both Existenz and Sein; it is the manifested unity of inner and outer. Hegel's cardina…

• Wissenschaft der Logik, Erster Band: Die Objective Logik (1812/1813) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1813

  Author: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · Year: 1812/1813 · Type: book

• Wissenschaft der Logik, Erster Theil: Die Lehre vom Sein (1832 revision) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1832

  Author: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · Year: 1832 · Type: book

• Wissenschaft der Logik, Zweiter Band: Die Subjective Logik oder Lehre vom Begriff (1816) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1816

  Author: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · Year: 1816 · Type: book

• Éric Weil

  German-born French philosopher, naturalized 1938. Author of Logique de la philosophie (Vrin 1950) and Hegel et l'État (Vrin 1950) — both works on Hegel and post-Hegelian philosophy. Parallel reader of Hegel to MP in the late 1940s; lecture…