Browse — tag · german-philosophy
Tag: german-philosophy
Pages tagged with german-philosophy.
65 pages
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Aesthetic Consciousness
Aesthetic consciousness (ästhetisches Bewußtsein) is Gadamer's diagnostic name, in Part One of Truth and Method, for the modern stance — founded by Schiller's "standpoint of art" — that makes the experiencing subject "the experiencing cent…
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Application (Anwendung)
For Gadamer, application (Anwendung) is not a step that follows understanding but a moment intrinsic to it: "application does not mean first understanding a given universal in itself and then afterward applying it to a concrete case. It is…
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Arthur Schopenhauer
German post-Kantian philosopher (1788–1860) whose system — laid out in Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung (1818, expanded 1844) — articulates a metaphysics of the Will (the thing-in-itself underlying all phenomena), an ethics of compassion…
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Beyond Good and Evil
Author(s): Friedrich Nietzsche · Year: 1886 (this edition 2014) · Type: book
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Carl Schmitt
German jurist and political theorist (1888–1985), author of Politische Theologie (1922), Die Diktatur (1921), Der Begriff des Politischen / The Concept of the Political (1927/1932), Der Nomos der Erde (1950), Theorie des Partisanen (1963),…
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Christian Love (Simmel's Reconstruction)
Simmel's philosophical reconstruction of Christian love as a distinct trans-vital love-form, structurally opposed to universal-philanthropy: Christian love embraces the total person — sinner as sinner, "without that 'in spite of'" (Oakes p…
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Christian Wolff
German philosopher (1679–1754), the systematizer of post-Leibnizian rationalism into the Schulphilosophie that dominated the eighteenth-century German universities until Kant. Author of two parallel encyclopedic systems — the Vernünftige G…
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Das Man (The They)
Heidegger's name for the Wer (who) of everyday Dasein — not a sociological aggregate or "the masses" but an Existenzial: a structural-existential feature of how Dasein is. "Jeder ist der Andere und Keiner er selbst. Das Man, mit dem sich d…
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Dasein
Heidegger's technical term — coined as a reiner Seinsausdruck (pure being-expression) — for the entity we ourselves each are, distinguished from all other entities by the fact that its own being is at issue for it. Dasein is not "human bei…
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Death of God
The "death of God" is a load-bearing cross-tradition motif of the corpus — and a genealogical lineage, not a single doctrine. Its philological source is Hegel's speculative Good Friday (Phenomenology §785, "God himself is dead"), where the…
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Edmund Husserl
German philosopher (1859-1938), founder of phenomenology. In Merleau-Ponty's Course Notes, Husserl's entire philosophical trajectory is traced as an exemplary case of philosophy becoming "a problem for itself" — the internal radicalization…
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Effective History (Wirkungsgeschichte)
Effective history (Wirkungsgeschichte, "history of effect") is Gadamer's name for the way history is already at work in all understanding, prior to and beneath any reflective awareness of it: "the power of effective history does not depend…
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Ernst Cassirer
German neo-Kantian philosopher (1874–1945), best known for the Philosophie der symbolischen Formen (3 vols., 1923–29) and for the 1929 Davos disputation with Heidegger. For this wiki, Cassirer matters chiefly as the silent source of Merlea…
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Erwin Panofsky
German-American art historian (1892–1968), a founder of modern iconology and the theory of "symbolic forms" in art history. In the wiki's context, Merleau-Ponty's primary source for the history of Renaissance perspective in the 1954–55 Ins…
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Eugen Fink
German phenomenologist (1905–1975), Husserl's research assistant at Freiburg from 1928 to Husserl's death in 1938; principal interpreter and developer of Husserl's late transcendental phenomenology; co-author of Husserl's Sixth Cartesian M…
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Franz Xaver von Baader
Bavarian Catholic philosopher and theologian (1765–1841), the Munich collaborator and credited precursor of Schelling in the Philosophical Investigations into the Essence of Human Freedom (1809). Schelling explicitly credits Baader with th…
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Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
German philosopher (1743–1819), the principal anti-rationalist opponent in Schelling's 1809 Philosophical Investigations into the Essence of Human Freedom and the initiator of the Pantheismusstreit (1785). Jacobi's claim that the only cons…
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Friedrich Nietzsche
German philosopher (1844–1900). Classical philologist by training, briefly professor at the University of Basel (1869–1879), author of a body of work spanning philology, cultural criticism, aesthetics, ethics, and — on Chouraqui's reading…
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Friedrich Schleiermacher
German theologian and philosopher (1768–1834), the founder of modern universal hermeneutics and, in Gadamer's genealogy, the pivotal figure who deformed hermeneutics by detaching understanding from its subject-matter. In the wiki Schleierm…
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Fusion of Horizons (Horizontverschmelzung)
The fusion of horizons (Horizontverschmelzung) is Gadamer's name for what happens in understanding: the apparent horizon of the present and the apparent horizon of the past (the text, the tradition) are not two self-standing standpoints to…
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G. W. F. Hegel
German philosopher (1770–1831). Author of the Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807; ingested as hegel-1807-phenomenology-spirit), the Wissenschaft der Logik (1812-16, with the Doctrine of Being revised 1831-32; all three volumes now ingested —…
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Georg Simmel
Berlin philosopher and sociologist (1858–1918) whose late Lebensphilosophie — the doctrine that life produces autonomous strata that transcend life — supplies one of the cardinal twentieth-century structural-philosophical alternatives to B…
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
German philosopher and mathematician (1646–1716), author of the Monadology (1714), the Discours de métaphysique (1686), the Theodicy (1710), co-inventor (with Newton) of the differential calculus, formulator of the principium rationis suff…
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Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
German Aufklärung dramatist, critic, and philosopher (1729–1781), three roles in Schelling's Philosophical Investigations (1809): (1) the staged Spinozist in Jacobi's 1785 On the Doctrine of Spinoza in Letters to Mr. Moses Mendelssohn — Le…
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Hans-Georg Gadamer
German philosopher (1900–2002), student of Heidegger (and of the Marburg neo-Kantians), and the founder of philosophical hermeneutics. His magnum opus Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode, 1960) reframed hermeneutics from a methodology o…
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Hermeneutic Experience (Erfahrung)
Gadamer argues that historically effected consciousness "has the structure of experience (Erfahrung)" — and that genuine experience is dialectical, negative, and finite. "Every experience worthy of the name thwarts an expectation"; experie…
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Hermeneutics (Philosophical)
Hermeneutics is the theory of understanding and interpretation. In Gadamer's Truth and Method it is decisively transformed: from an art or technique of correct interpretation (the older theological, legal, and philological hermeneutics; Sc…
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Identität und Differenz (GA 11)
Author: Martin Heidegger · Year: 2006 (GA edition; texts 1949–1963) · Editor: Friedrich-Wilhelm von Herrmann · Type: book (Sammelband)
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Immanuel Kant
German philosopher (1724-1804), author of the three Critiques. In Merleau-Ponty's philosophy, Kant represents both the paradigm of transcendental thinking and its fundamental limitation: Kant grasps the necessity of the transcendental turn…
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Individualism of Love
Simmel's spectrum from love-by-type to love-by-individuality — anchored in the contrast between Goethe's two cardinal couples: Faust/Gretchen (love by type; replaceability remains possible in principle) and Eduard/Ottilie (in Wahlverwandts…
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Jakob Böhme
German theosophist (1575–1624), shoemaker by trade, born in Alt Seidenberg (Görlitz, Saxony). Author of the Aurora (1612), De signatura rerum, Mysterium Magnum, Sex puncta theosophica, and the Mysterium Pansophicum (1620), among other theo…
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Johann Gottfried Herder
German philosopher, theologian, literary critic, and pioneering philosopher of history and language (1744–1803). Three roles in Schelling's 1809 Philosophical Investigations into the Essence of Human Freedom: (1) the author of God. Some Co…
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Johann Gustav Droysen
German historian (1808–1884), author of the Historik (lectures on the theory of history) and the historian who named "Hellenism." In Gadamer's Ch 3 he is "the acute methodologist" who advances on Ranke yet, like him, ends in "aesthetic-her…
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
German poet, novelist, natural-philosopher (1749–1832); cardinal figure of Weimar Klassik; his works span lyric poetry, drama (Faust I/II), the Bildungsroman (Wilhelm Meister), the philosophical novel (Die Wahlverwandtschaften), and natura…
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Jürgen Habermas
German philosopher and social theorist (b. 1929), the leading second-generation figure of the Frankfurt School and of the critique of ideology. In the wiki he appears as Gadamer's critical-theory interlocutor — the source of the most influ…
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Karl Jaspers
German-Swiss psychiatrist and existentialist philosopher (1883–1969), author of Philosophie (three vols., 1932), Existenzphilosophie (1938), Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte (1949), and many other works. With Heidegger, one of the two…
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Karl Marx
German philosopher, economist, and political theorist (1818–1883); co-author with Friedrich Engels of The Communist Manifesto (1848); author of Capital (Vol. I 1867), the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (published 1932), The G…
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Leopold von Ranke
German historian (1795–1886), the founding figure of the modern historical school and of source-critical historiography ("how it actually was," wie es eigentlich gewesen). In Gadamer's Ch 3 he is the exemplar of the historical worldview wh…
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Linguisticality (Sprachlichkeit)
In Part Three of Truth and Method, Gadamer makes the ontological turn to language: understanding is linguistic through and through (Sprachlichkeit). Language is "the medium of hermeneutic experience" — not a neutral instrument carrying pre…
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Martin Heidegger
German philosopher (1889-1976). In Merleau-Ponty's Course Notes, Heidegger receives "the most rigorous, detailed, and explicit engagement" found anywhere in Merleau-Ponty's oeuvre (Course 1, Part II.B). Merleau-Ponty traces the passage fro…
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Max Scheler
German phenomenologist (1874–1928); Munich phenomenology school. Author of Der Formalismus in der Ethik und die materiale Wertethik (1913–16), Vom Umsturz der Werte (collection containing "Das Ressentiment im Aufbau der Moralen", 1912), Di…
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Max Weber
German sociologist, political economist, and philosopher of history (1864–1920); author of Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus (1905), Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (posth. 1922), "Politik als Beruf" (1919), and methodol…
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Max Wertheimer
Czech-Austrian psychologist (1880–1943), founder of Gestalt psychology. His 1923 paper Untersuchungen zur Lehre von der Gestalt (English: "Laws of Organization in Perceptual Forms," in W. D. Ellis ed., A Source Book of Gestalt Psychology,…
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Meister Eckhart
German Dominican theologian and mystic (c. 1260 – c. 1328), one of the cardinal voices of medieval Rhineland mysticism. Currently appears in the wiki as the proof-text anchor for love-as-ungrounded-primary-category in Simmel's love-fragmen…
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More-than-Life
Simmel's philosophical structure of life's self-transcendence: life produces, from its own energies, autonomous strata that exceed mere life — cognitive, religious, aesthetic, social, technical, normative — and these trans-vital strata ret…
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Nietzsche I
Author(s): Martin Heidegger Year: 1961 (lectures: 1936/37, 1937, 1939; Vorwort: May 1961) Type: Lecture course (three courses; published Neske 1961, GA 6.1 ed. Brigitte Schillbach 1996)
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Nietzsche II
Author(s): Martin Heidegger Year: 1961 (compositions: 1939, 1940, 1941, 1944-46; published Neske 1961, GA 6.2 ed. Brigitte Schillbach 1997) Type: Hybrid (lecture course + Abhandlungen + genealogical sketches + methodological meditation)
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Novalis
German poet, philosopher, and mystic (1772–1801), born Georg Philipp Friedrich von Hardenberg. Major figure of early German Romanticism (the Jena circle, alongside Friedrich and August Wilhelm Schlegel, Tieck, Schelling). Author of Hymnen…
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On Love (a fragment)
Author: Georg Simmel · Year: 1984 (translation; original German 1923, composition ca. 1907–1918) · Type: fragment
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On the Genealogy of Morality
Author(s): Friedrich Nietzsche · Year: 1887 · Type: book (polemic — Eine Streitschrift)
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Paul Celan
Romanian-born, German-language Jewish poet (1920–1970, born Paul Antschel; took pseudonym "Celan" as an anagram of his surname). Survivor of the Shoah (his parents were murdered in concentration camps). Author of Mohn und Gedächtnis (1952,…
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Paul Yorck von Wartenburg
German philosopher and count (1835–1897), known chiefly through his correspondence with Dilthey and his fragmentary posthumous papers. In Gadamer's Ch 3 he is the surprise hero — "the missing link between Hegel's Phenomenology of Mind and…
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Play (Spiel)
Play (Spiel) is Gadamer's "clue to ontological explanation" in Part One of Truth and Method: the concept through which he determines the mode of being of the work of art. Stripped of the subjective meaning it carries in Kant and Schiller (…
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Prejudice (Vorurteil)
Gadamer's rehabilitation of prejudice is the most counterintuitive move of Truth and Method. A prejudice (Vorurteil, praejudicium) is, etymologically, a fore-judgment — "a judgment that is rendered before all the elements that determine a…
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Sein und Zeit
Author(s): Martin Heidegger · Year: 1927 (this edition 1967) · Type: book (an Abhandlung first published as Sonderdruck from Husserl's Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung, Bd. VIII)
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Sein zum Tode (Being-toward-Death)
Heidegger's name for Dasein's existential-ontological relation to its own end — not a future event but a structural possibility that pervades Dasein's being as long as it exists. "Der Tod als Ende des Daseins ist die eigenste, unbezügliche…
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Sorge (Care)
Heidegger's name for the Strukturganzes (structural totality) of Dasein: the unified threefold structure of Sich-vorweg-schon-sein-in-(einer Welt-) als Sein-bei (innerweltlich begegnendem Seienden) — "being-ahead-of-itself-being-already-in…
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Terry Pinkard
American philosopher (Professor at Georgetown), one of the foremost Anglophone Hegel scholars of the late 20c and early 21c. The wiki tracks Pinkard as the translator and editor of the 2018 Cambridge edition of Hegel's Phänomenologie des G…
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The Tragedy of Love (Simmel)
Simmel's philosophical articulation of love's tragic structure: love is tragic not because external fate destroys it, not because lovers collide with ethical substances, not because of any hamartia — but because love grows out of the life-…
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Tradition (Gadamer)
For Gadamer, tradition (Überlieferung) is not the inert, given antithesis of reason but a living mode of preservation (Bewahrung) that is itself "an act of reason, though an inconspicuous one." We do not stand outside tradition and choose…
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Truth and Method
Author(s): Hans-Georg Gadamer · Year: 1960 (German; English trans. rev. Weinsheimer & Marshall) · Type: book
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Universal Philanthropy
Simmel's articulation of a distinct trans-vital love-form: love directed at "everything that bears a human face" (Oakes p. 211), abstracted from individuality, kindred to but structurally distinct from both cosmic eros (pantheism of love)…
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Wilhelm Dilthey
German philosopher (1833–1911), Schleiermacher's biographer, and the great theorist of the "critique of historical reason" who sought to ground the human sciences (Geisteswissenschaften) in life. In Gadamer's genealogy he is the central pr…
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Wilhelm von Humboldt
Prussian philologist, diplomat, and philosopher of language (1767-1835). Founder of the University of Berlin (now Humboldt-Universität); brother of the naturalist Alexander von Humboldt. For the wiki, Humboldt's relevance is mediated: Merl…
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Zeitlichkeit (Temporality)
Heidegger's name for the ekstatic-horizonal originary time that is the ontological sense of Sorge — the structural totality of Dasein. "Zeitlichkeit enthüllt sich als der Sinn der eigentlichen Sorge" (Sein und Zeit § 65, H. 326). Zeitlichk…