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Tag: nietzsche

Pages tagged with nietzsche.

62 pages

• Ambiguity and the Absolute Frank Chouraqui, 2014

  Author(s): Frank Chouraqui Year: 2014 (Fordham University Press, Perspectives in Continental Philosophy series; ISBN 978-0-8232-5411-8; John D. Caputo, series editor) Type: Book (monograph)

• Asymptotic Intentionality

  Frank Chouraqui's technical term (borrowed from Leibnizian infinitesimal calculus) for the structure of intentionality shared by Nietzsche and Merleau-Ponty: a linear movement structured by two end-points it never reaches but approaches in…

• Augenblick

  The temporal-existential locus in which past and future converge in decision. Etymologically "blink-of-the-eye," the Augenblick is the moment of seeing-and-deciding — not a temporal point on a timeline but the Zeitlichkeit des Selbsthandel…

• Bad Conscience

  Nietzsche's name (schlechtes Gewissen) for the "deep sickness" produced when the outward-discharging instincts of "wild, free, roaming" humans were blocked by the violently-imposed state and forced to turn against the self — the central hy…

• Beständigung des Werdens in die Anwesenheit

  Heidegger's climactic thesis on the essence of will to power: it is the Beständigung des Werdens in die Anwesenheit — the making-stand-fast of becoming into abiding presence. The phrase appears at the close of Der Wille zur Macht als Erken…

• Beyond Good and Evil Friedrich Nietzsche, 2014

  Author(s): Friedrich Nietzsche · Year: 1886 (this edition 2014) · Type: book

• Chouraqui's Interpretive Bet and the Recursive Paradox

  Question: What question would an opponent ask after reading Ambiguity and the Absolute that Chouraqui would have the hardest time answering?

• Circulus Vitiosus Deus

  Nietzsche's phrase from Beyond Good and Evil §56 — "Well? And wouldn't this then be — circulus vitiosus deus?" — asking whether the mysterious desire to think "down to the depths of pessimism" might itself be a return to an opposite ideal,…

• Circulus Vitiosus Deus: Merleau-Ponty's Ontology of Ontology Frank Chouraqui, 2016

  Author(s): Frank Chouraqui (Leiden University) Year: 2016 Type: Journal article (Studia Phaenomenologica XVI, pp. 469–487)

• Daniel W. Smith

  Daniel W. Smith is the translator of Pierre Klossowski's Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle (English edition, Athlone / University of Chicago Press, 1997) and a noted scholar of Deleuze and twentieth-century French philosophy. His Translator…

• Death of God

  The "death of God" is a load-bearing cross-tradition motif of the corpus — and a genealogical lineage, not a single doctrine. Its philological source is Hegel's speculative Good Friday (Phenomenology §785, "God himself is dead"), where the…

• Does the Supported-Gate House an Ascetic Priest?

  Since v0d.24 (2026-07-05), promotion to supported in the wiki's claims register has run through the consolidation jury, whose unanimity default-deny refuter panel has returned REFUTED in 146 of 146 verdicts across seven runs (2026-07-14 th…

• Erregender Zwiespalt zwischen Wahrheit und Kunst

  The "agitating discord" between art and truth at the heart of Nietzsche's late metaphysics. Nietzsche himself names it in 1888: "Über das Verhältnis der Kunst zur Wahrheit bin ich am frühesten ernst geworden: und noch jetzt stehe ich mit e…

• Eternal Recurrence

  Nietzsche's thought that the same events will repeat, identically, an infinite number of times — first introduced in The Gay Science §341 (the "greatest weight") and developed through Thus Spoke Zarathustra, the notebooks, and Ecce Homo. N…

• Europe as the Crisis of Play Frank Chouraqui, 2025

  Author(s): Frank Chouraqui (Universiteit Leiden) · Year: 2025 · Type: chapter

• Fetishistic Theory of Care (Nihilism)

  Chouraqui's redescription of nihilism (in "Europe as the Crisis of Play", 2025) as, "at heart, a fetishistic theory of care." On this reading, nihilism is not first a doctrine about value's absence but a doctrine about care's grounds: to c…

• Frank Chouraqui

  French-trained, Anglophone-publishing philosopher of phenomenology (Leiden University), specialist on the structural convergence between Nietzsche and Merleau-Ponty on the question of truth and on the formal structure of "intra-ontology" —…

• Friedrich Nietzsche

  German philosopher (1844–1900). Classical philologist by training, briefly professor at the University of Basel (1869–1879), author of a body of work spanning philology, cultural criticism, aesthetics, ethics, and — on Chouraqui's reading…

• Genealogy

  The method Nietzsche names and practices in On the Genealogy of Morality — a critical history of the descent (Herkunft) of moral values that asks not "are they true?" but "where did they come from, and what are they worth for life?" Its wa…

• Georges Bataille

  Georges Bataille (1897–1962) was a French philosopher, novelist, and essayist whose reading of Nietzsche — and whose conception of sovereignty, expenditure, and the sacred — formed the milieu from which Pierre Klossowski's Nietzsche and th…

• Good European

  Nietzsche's name for the supra-national cultural type that the homogenization of Europe is producing, and which he opposes to nationalism, "fatherlandishness," and the "insanity of nationality." In Beyond Good and Evil the "good Europeans"…

• Granite of Fate

  Nietzsche's figure from Beyond Good and Evil §231 for the uneducable bodily substratum of the individual — the fixed aspect of the self that all subsequent development can redirect but neither create nor erase. "Deep in us, really 'down th…

• Gregarious vs. Singular

  The opposition between the gregarious (grégaire — that which conserves the species: exchangeable, communicable, intelligible) and the singular (the cas singulier / fortuitous case — unexchangeable, mute, unintelligible) is the second of th…

• Großer Stil

  Nietzsche's name, in his late writings, for the highest mode of artistic creation: not classicism, not romanticism, but mastery over a chaos that is one's own. Heidegger reads großer Stil in Nietzsche I I.14-15 as the form-giving counter-s…

• Guilt and Debt

  Nietzsche's genealogical thesis, from the Second Essay of On the Genealogy of Morality, that the moral concept of guilt (Schuld) descends from the material concept of debt (Schulden) — the German pun is the argument's pivot. "Have these pr…

• Herd Morality

  Nietzsche's name for the morality of the herd animal — the valuation that serves the preservation of the community by leveling its members, prizing obedience, compassion, and equality, and treating itself as morality as such. The central t…

• Incorporation of Truth

  Nietzsche's term (Einverleibung der Wahrheit) for the method by which the knowledge that truth is falsification is converted from an intellectual item into embodied, instinctive orientation. Introduced in The Gay Science (§§11, 110), the p…

• Light of the Flesh

  Merleau-Ponty's late doctrine of a "new idea of light": light inseparable from shadow, structurally diffused in the flesh rather than emanating from an intelligible sun. Developed in the preparatory notes for the 1960–61 course "Philosophy…

• Master and Slave Morality

  Nietzsche's typology of two value-creating types, given its locus classicus in Beyond Good and Evil §260: "There is master-morality and slave-morality." Master morality arises "under a dominating type" that feels itself "value-determining……

• Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle Pierre Klossowski, 1997

  Author(s): Pierre Klossowski (trans. Daniel W. Smith) · Year: 1969 (Fr.) / 1997 (Eng.) · Type: book

• Nietzsche I Martin Heidegger, 1961

  Author(s): Martin Heidegger Year: 1961 (lectures: 1936/37, 1937, 1939; Vorwort: May 1961) Type: Lecture course (three courses; published Neske 1961, GA 6.1 ed. Brigitte Schillbach 1996)

• Nietzsche II Martin Heidegger, 1961

  Author(s): Martin Heidegger Year: 1961 (compositions: 1939, 1940, 1941, 1944-46; published Neske 1961, GA 6.2 ed. Brigitte Schillbach 1997) Type: Hybrid (lecture course + Abhandlungen + genealogical sketches + methodological meditation)

• Nihilism

  Nihilism is one of the corpus's most-cited terms and was, until now, one of its few un-homed HUB motifs — because three ingested traditions use the word for structurally different things. For Nietzsche, nihilism is the will to nothingness:…

• On the Genealogy of Morality Friedrich Nietzsche, 2014

  Author(s): Friedrich Nietzsche · Year: 1887 · Type: book (polemic — Eine Streitschrift)

• Perspectivism

  Nietzsche's thesis that all knowing and valuing is perspectival, interpretive, and falsifying — there is no view from nowhere, no "facts" that are not already interpretations, and the value of truth is itself a perspectival valuation rathe…

• Phantasm

  In Pierre Klossowski's Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle, the phantasm (phantasme) is "an obsessional image produced instinctively from the life of the impulses" (Translator's Preface §4) — an involuntary formation that arises from the comb…

• Phantom Limb

  Merleau-Ponty's central case in Part One of Phenomenology of Perception for the irreducibility of bodily being to either objective causality (physiology) or cogitation (psychology). The amputee experiences the missing limb as present — can…

• Phenomenon of Truth

  Frank Chouraqui's technical term for what survives the critique of truth: not any truth-content, but the compelling experience of reality as real that makes truth-claims meaningful at all. "Belief in X is a taking-X-to-be-true, and a takin…

• Philosopher of the Future

  Nietzsche's counter-figure to the scholar and the dogmatist: the value-creating legislator announced throughout Beyond Good and Evil (subtitled Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future). Where "philosophical laborers after the noble model of…

• Pierre Klossowski

  Pierre Klossowski (1905–2001) was a French novelist, essayist, translator, and painter whose Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle (1969) is one of the most influential and idiosyncratic readings of Nietzsche in twentieth-century European thoug…

• Ressentiment

  Nietzsche's name (kept in French, untranslated, throughout On the Genealogy of Morality) for the creative, value-positing reaction of the impotent — the psychological engine of the slave revolt in morality. Its definition is the hinge of t…

• Schematisieren eines Chaos

  Nietzsche's account of knowledge, as read by Heidegger in Der Wille zur Macht als Erkenntnis (1939, heidegger-1961-nietzsche-i Part III): knowing is the schematizing of a chaos according to practical need. Knowledge is not correspondence t…

• Self-Differentiation

  Frank Chouraqui's unifying term for the structure shared by Nietzsche and Merleau-Ponty: the ability of reality to present itself as different from what it is, thereby — paradoxically — revealing its structure as self-differentiation. For…

• Self-Falsification (Being as)

  The ontological thesis of Chouraqui 2014: Being is not an entity that falsifies itself; Being is self-falsification. That is, Being is the movement by which pre-objective experience transforms itself into metaphysical error — by which the…

• Semiotic of Impulses

  The semiotic of impulses is the organizing concept of Pierre Klossowski's Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle (its longest chapter is titled "The Valetudinary States at the Origin of a Semiotic of Impulses"). The impulses (impulsions) are "in…

• Shadow Philosophy

  The hermeneutic and critical method by which a thinker is read through the unthought philosophy within his thought — not the explicit doctrine the thinker states, but the other philosophy implied by his statements that he himself did not t…

• Simulacrum

  In Pierre Klossowski's Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle, the simulacrum (simulacre; Ger. Trugbild) is the willed reproduction of a phantasm — "the actualization of something in itself incommunicable and nonrepresentable: the phantasm in it…

• Soul as Subject-Multiplicity

  Nietzsche's constructive critique of the subject in Beyond Good and Evil: the "I" of "I think" is a grammatical fiction, but the right response is not to abolish the soul — it is to re-engineer it as a plurality. §12 is decisive: the Chris…

• Speculative Good Friday

  Hegel's name (from Glauben und Wissen, 1802; recapitulated in the Phenomenology Religion chapter at §§779–785) for the dialectical-speculative meaning of Christ's death: the death of the divine mediator is simultaneously the death of the a…

• The Agent (suppôt)

  The agent is Daniel W. Smith's rendering of Klossowski's suppôt — a term retrieved from scholastic philosophy (Latin suppositum, "that which is placed under," linked to substantia and subjectum) and applied to a Nietzschean problem. In Nie…

• The Ascetic Ideal

  The subject of the Third Essay of On the Genealogy of Morality, and Nietzsche's name for the value-system that treats this life — "nature, world, the whole sphere of becoming and of transitoriness" — as a wrong path to be denied in favor o…

• The Ascetic Priest

  The central figure of the Third Essay of On the Genealogy of Morality — the incarnate agent of the ascetic-ideal, "the foreordained savior, shepherd and advocate of the sick herd" (GM III.15). His defining function is given in a single for…

• The Mask

  In Beyond Good and Evil the mask is both a recurrent theme and the book's own method. "All that is profound loves a mask" (§40); "Every profound spirit needs a mask: even more, a mask is continuously growing around every profound spirit th…

• The Sovereign Individual

  The figure introduced at GM II.2 as the "ripest fruit" of the long prehistoric labor of the "morality of custom": "the sovereign individual, like only unto himself, the autonomous, supermoral individual who has liberated himself from the m…

• The Vicious Circle as a Selective Doctrine

  The longest and most politically charged chapter of Pierre Klossowski's Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle reads the Eternal Return not only as a lived experience but as a selective doctrine — "a means of training and selection" (Nietzsche's…

• The Will to Truth

  Nietzsche's name for the unconditional drive to truth "at any price" — and, in the Third Essay of On the Genealogy of Morality, the unexpected core of the very ascetic-ideal that modern science and atheism imagine themselves to oppose. Bey…

• Tonality of the Soul

  The tonality of the soul (tonalité de l'âme) is Pierre Klossowski's term — retained by Daniel W. Smith as "tonality" because the usage "is as unusual in French as it is in English" (Translator's Preface §3) — for the fluctuating intensitie…

• Umdrehung des Platonismus

  Nietzsche's self-described project, recorded already in 1870/71: "Meine Philosophie umgedrehter Platonismus: je weiter ab vom wahrhaft Seienden, um so reiner schöner besser ist es. Das Leben im Schein als Ziel" (IX, 190). Heidegger reads t…

• Valetudinary States

  In Pierre Klossowski's Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle, Nietzsche's valetudinary states — his recurrent, incapacitating illness (the migraine/convalescence cycles of roughly 1877–1881, with their alternations of collapse and euphoric luci…

• Vollendung der Metaphysik

  Heidegger's name for what Nietzsche's thought is: not the overcoming of Western metaphysics but its completion. Vollendung is the most load-bearing thesis of the Nietzsche I lectures (1936-1939) and the operative frame for Heidegger's read…

• Wahrheit als Gerechtigkeit

  Nietzsche's most extreme determination of truth, in his late notebooks: truth as Gerechtigkeit — justice as the fitting bestowal of constancy by the will to power. Heidegger reads this in Nietzsche I Part III as "der äußerste Wandel der me…

• Will to Power

  Nietzsche's name for the essential character of reality: "the world is will to power, and that alone" (BGE 36). In Nietzsche's texts it names at once a psychological principle (drives seeking their discharge), a biological principle (life…