Browse — tag · hegel

Tag: hegel

Pages tagged with hegel.

104 pages

• Absolute Knowing

  Absolutes Wissen — the standpoint achieved at the end of the Phenomenology of Spirit (Chapter VIII, §§788–808, raw lines 4691–4851). The journey's terminus: Geist knows itself as Geist; consciousness and self-consciousness have become iden…

• Adventures of the Dialectic Maurice Merleau-Ponty (trans. Joseph Bien), 1955

  Author(s): Maurice Merleau-Ponty (trans. Joseph Bien, Northwestern UP 1973) Year: 1955 (original French: Les Aventures de la dialectique, Gallimard) Type: book

• Aletheia / Unverborgenheit

  The Greek ἀ-λήθεια (un-concealment), translated by Heidegger hartnäckig (stubbornly) as Unverborgenheit — not for etymology's sake but für die Sache, der bedacht werden muß. Heidegger's most concentrated late treatment of Aletheia is in "D…

• Alexandre Kojève

  Russian-born French philosopher, anthropologist of Hegel, the dominant figure of the French Hegel-Renaissance of the 1930s. Author of the Introduction à la lecture de Hegel (Gallimard, 1947, ed. Raymond Queneau) — the published form of his…

• Allgemein / Besonderes / Einzelnes (Universal / Particular / Individual, Hegel)

  Allgemeinheit, Besonderheit, and Einzelheit — universality, particularity, individuality — are the three moments of the Concept in Hegel's Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 32–52). Each moment is the whole Concept under one inflection — n…

• Antigone (Hegel's Reading)

  Hegel reads Sophocles' Antigone (442 BCE) as the structural figure of immediate ethical substance — the ethical actor whose deed (burying her brother against Creon's edict) reveals the constitutively guilty structure of ethical action unde…

• Aufheben (sublate)

  Aufheben is Hegel's signature dialectical operation: a single German verb that simultaneously means to cancel (tollere, negieren), to preserve (aufbewahren), and to lift up (emporheben). Hegel takes this triple lexical structure as evidenc…

• Aufhebung

  Hegel's term for negation-that-preserves-and-elevates — the structural operation by which the dialectic moves from one shape of consciousness to its successor without simple abolition. Pinkard's 2018 Cambridge translation renders consisten…

• Baruch Spinoza

  Dutch-Jewish rationalist philosopher (1632–1677), author of the Ethica ordine geometrico demonstrata (1677) and the Tractatus theologico-politicus (1670). On the wiki, Spinoza enters as the single most extensively engaged early-modern phil…

• Bedingung / Sache an sich (Condition / The Thing Itself, Hegel)

  Bedingung (condition) and Sache an sich (the thing itself) are the paired transitional categories that bridge Grund and Existenz in the Erster Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5180–5263). The cardinal formulation: "wenn alle…

• Bernard Groethuysen

  German-French philosopher and historian of ideas (Berlin-trained, naturalized French 1937). Author of Origines de l'esprit bourgeois en France (Gallimard 1927) and Mythes et portraits (Gallimard 1947); long-time editor at the Nouvelle Revu…

• Bestimmte Negation (Determined Negation)

  Bestimmte Negation — determined negation — is Hegel's signature account of the engine of dialectical movement. Its locus classicus is the Einleitung to the Wissenschaft der Logik at GW 21 raw 898 ("das Negative eben so sehr positiv ist, od…

• Bestimmtheit / Bestimmung / Beschaffenheit / Grenze (Determinacy Quartet)

  Hegel's four-term vocabulary for the categorial structure of Daseyn: Bestimmtheit (determinacy in general), Bestimmung (the something's intrinsic determination), Beschaffenheit (its extrinsic constitution), and Grenze (the limit where Best…

• Bildung

  Bildung — Pinkard renders as "cultural formation" or "cultural education" — is Hegel's term for the process by which the individual recapitulates the world-spirit's path and so becomes culturally formed-and-educated rationality. The concep…

• Blind vs. Manifested Necessity (Hegel)

  The distinction between blind and manifested necessity is Hegel's signature account of the necessity-passes-into-freedom doctrine, located in the closing pages of the Dritter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 6131–6168, with…

• Capital as Concrete Phenomenology of Spirit

  Merleau-Ponty's reading of Marx's Capital as a Phénoménologie de l'esprit concrète — the economic-historical structure of capitalism read as the real-world unfolding of phenomenological structure. Capital is not a work of political economy…

• Centralität (Centrality / Free Mechanism, Hegel)

  Centralität (or Centralkörper / freier Mechanismus) is the absolute moment of Mechanism in the Objectivität-section of the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 143–146, with the cardinal political application at p. 152). The multiplicity of…

• Christian Wolff

  German philosopher (1679–1754), the systematizer of post-Leibnizian rationalism into the Schulphilosophie that dominated the eighteenth-century German universities until Kant. Author of two parallel encyclopedic systems — the Vernünftige G…

• Conférences en Amérique, notes de cours et autres textes — Inédits II (1947–1949) Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 2022

  Author: Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) Year: notes 1947–1949 (composition); 2022 (posthumous critical edition) Type: notes (manuscript notes for course, conferences, and reading-notes)

• Conférences en Europe et premiers cours à Lyon — Inédits I (1946–1947) Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 2022

  Author: Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) Year: notes 1946–1947 (composition); 2022 (posthumous critical edition) Type: notes (manuscript notes for conferences and courses)

• Consciousness of Life as Consciousness of Death

  Merleau-Ponty's compressed formula from "Hegel's Existentialism" (Chapter 5 of Sense and Non-Sense, Les Temps Modernes No. 7, April 1946): "consciousness of life, taken radically, is consciousness of death" (p. 66). For there to be a consc…

• Culturalism (Merleau-Ponty)

  Merleau-Ponty's appropriation, in the 1949–52 Sorbonne lectures, of the American "cultural sociology" tradition (Kardiner, Linton, Mead, Erikson, Du Bois) as the methodological framework for relating psyche, family, and society. Distinguis…

• Das Ende der Philosophie und die Aufgabe des Denkens (1964) Martin Heidegger, 1964

  Author(s): Martin Heidegger Year: 1964 (this version: GA 14, 2007 — Klostermann edition with Heidegger's marginalia from his Handexemplar) Type: essay (originally Heidegger's contribution to the UNESCO Paris colloquium "Kierkegaard vivant,…

• Daseyn (Hegel)

  Hegel's Daseyn (modern German Dasein; English: "determinate being," "being-there," sometimes "existent being") is the second major category of the Doctrine of Being — Seyn mit einer Bestimmtheit (being with a determinacy). It is the result…

• Denis Diderot

  French Enlightenment philosopher (1713–1784), co-editor of the Encyclopédie (1751–72), novelist, dramatist, art critic. The wiki tracks Diderot primarily as the author of Le Neveu de Rameau (1762, published posthumously 1805) — Diderot's d…

• der Begriff (the Concept, Hegel)

  Hegel's Begriff (capital C in English: "the Concept") is the central category of the Subjective Logic and the truth into which substance dialectically resolves itself. It is not what Kantian, Fregean, or ordinary-language usage calls a "co…

• Die absolute Idee (the absolute Idea)

  The absolute Idee is the closing category of Hegel's Wissenschaft der Logik and the system's self-reflective closure — the chapter (GW 12 pp. 236–253) where Hegel reads the entire WdL retroactively as the unfolding of the speculative metho…

• die Idee (the Idea, Hegel)

  Die Idee — the Idea — is the third and culminating moment of the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 173–253), positioned after Subjectivität (Begriff / Urtheil / Schluß) and Objectivität (Mechanism / Chemism / Teleology). The Idea is the a…

• Die Sache selbst

  Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) Preface is the philological source of die Sache selbst — "the matter itself" / "the crux of the matter" / "what is at stake" — as a methodological imperative within German philosophy. Pinkard preserve…

• Entäußerung (Relinquishment / Kenosis)

  Entäußerung is Hegel's term for the self-relinquishing that IS the actuality of substance — not a defective state to be overcome, but the very form in which spirit gives itself any actuality at all. Pinkard's 2018 Cambridge translation ren…

• Erkennen (Cognition, Hegel)

  Erkennen — Cognition — is the second shape of die Idee in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 192–243), positioned between Life and the absolute Idea. Cognition is the Idea split into the theoretical (subjective Idea seeking the Object)…

• Erscheinung (Appearance, Hegel)

  Erscheinung — appearance — is the second moment of the Zweyter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5466–5635), positioned between Existenz (and the Ding-doctrine) and wesentliches Verhältnis. Hegel's cardinal thesis: "Das Wesen…

• Existenz (Existence, Hegel)

  Existenz — existence — is the first category of the Zweyter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5266–5306). Existenz is mediated immediacy that has come forth from Grund: not a property of Wesen but Wesen's externalization, the…

• Freedom (Hegel)

  Freyheit — freedom — is the cardinal categorial achievement of the Concept in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12). The cardinal formulations:

• Freie Entlassung (free release into Nature)

  The freie Entlassung is the closing non-transition of Hegel's Wissenschaft der Logik (GW 12 p. 253): the absolute Idea "entläßt sich frey" into Nature. This is not a Werden or Uebergehen of the kind seen in the Doctrine of Being — Hegel ma…

• Fürsichseyn (Being-for-Self)

  Fürsichseyn — being-for-self — is the third and final chapter of the Bestimmtheit / Qualität section of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw 2439–2842). It is the truth of Daseyn: a being-for-itself in which all otherness has been internalized…

• Gegensatz (Opposition, Hegel)

  Gegensatz — opposition (positive / negative) — is the third of the four Reflexionsbestimmungen in the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4724 ff.). Gegensatz introduces positive and negative as moments that each contain the other: positive is…

• Gesetz der Erscheinung (Law of Appearance, Hegel)

  The Gesetz der Erscheinung — law of appearance — is a sub-doctrine of the Erscheinung-section of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5488–5544). Hegel's cardinal characterization: a Newtonian-style law (e.g., spaces traversed in fall as squ…

• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

  German philosopher and mathematician (1646–1716), author of the Monadology (1714), the Discours de métaphysique (1686), the Theodicy (1710), co-inventor (with Newton) of the differential calculus, formulator of the principium rationis suff…

• Grund (Ground / Sufficient Reason, Hegel)

  Grund — ground, sufficient reason — is the third and closing chapter of the Erster Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4924–5263). Grund is what remains when the four Reflexionsbestimmungen (Identität → Verschiedenheit → Gegens…

• Humanism and Terror: An Essay on the Communist Problem Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 1969

  Author(s): Maurice Merleau-Ponty Year: 1947 (French original); 1969 (English translation by John O'Neill, Beacon Press) Type: book

• Hyper-dialectic

  Merleau-Ponty's term (hyperdialectique) for a dialectic that overcomes "bad dialectic" — the dialectic that "thinks it recomposes being by a thetic thought, by an assemblage of statements, by thesis, antithesis, and synthesis" (V&I Ch 2, p…

• Identität (Identity, Hegel)

  Identität is the first of the four Reflexionsbestimmungen in the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4574–4634). Hegel's cardinal thesis: "Die Identität ist also an ihr selbst absolute Nichtidentität" (raw 4598) — identity at itself is absolute…

• Individu de classe

  Merleau-Ponty's 1947–48 reading of Marx's Idéologie allemande: the individu de classe is the On (impersonal "one") that mediates the historical subject and the historical-economic conditions — "porté à la fois par conditions matérielles et…

• Jean Hyppolite

  French philosopher, the dominant Hegel-translator-and-commentator of the post-war French philosophical scene; MP's ENS condisciple, longtime friend, and intellectual interlocutor. Author of the historic French translation of Hegel's Phänom…

• Jean Wahl

  French philosopher, the principal passeur of Hegel and Kierkegaard into French philosophy from the 1920s through the 1950s. Author of Le Malheur de la conscience dans la philosophie de Hegel (1929) — the foundational French Hegel-commentar…

• Johann Gottlieb Fichte

  German idealist philosopher (1762–1814), author of the Wissenschaftslehre (1794 and multiple revisions), the Grundlage des Naturrechts (1796), the Reden an die deutsche Nation (1808). On the wiki, Fichte enters as a foil in Hegel's WdL: (i…

• Knotenlinie (Nodal Line of Measure-Relations)

  The Knotenlinie von Maßverhältnissen — nodal line of measure-relations — is Hegel's signature claim in the Maß-section of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw ~5150–5300): quantitative changes accumulate continuously up to a node, at which a q…

• Leben (Life, Hegel — logical category)

  Das Leben — Life — is the first concrete shape of die Idee in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 179–198). Crucially: Hegel insists that the logical concept of Life is to be distinguished from Naturleben (the life of nature, treated in…

• List der Vernunft (cunning of reason)

  The List der Vernunft — cunning of reason — is the formal-logical structure by which a finite end realizes itself by interposing an object as means between itself and the world, exposing the means to mechanical and chemical wear while the…

• Logique de fait

  Merleau-Ponty's 1946 figure for the rationality history exhibits in fact — without the necessity of formal logic, without the abstraction of Kantian transcendental logic, without the closure of Hegelian Wissenschaft der Logik. Logique de f…

• Master-Slave Dialectic

  Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit §§186–196 — the first asymmetric form of recognition (Anerkennung), in which two self-consciousnesses encounter each other in a life-and-death struggle, one becomes master (Herr) by risking life, the other s…

• Maß (Measure, Hegel)

  Maß (in GW 21's 1832 spelling, Maaß) is the third Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw 4660–5571) — the categorial unity of Qualität and Quantität. A determinate quantum as qualifying — change it sufficiently and the qualitative d…

• Modal Triad (Wirklichkeit / Möglichkeit / Notwendigkeit, Hegel)

  The modal triad — Wirklichkeit (actuality), Möglichkeit (possibility), Notwendigkeit (necessity) — structures the central chapter of the Dritter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5851–6131). Each term is a categorial moment,…

• Objectivität (Objectivity, Hegel)

  Objectivität — objectivity — is the second moment of the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 127–172), positioned between Subjectivität (Begriff / Urtheil / Schluß) and die Idee. Objectivität is "the Concept fallen into objectivity" — and i…

• Pente de l'histoire

  Merleau-Ponty's term — first explicitly named at his Brussels conference "L'individu et l'histoire" (14 March 1946); first published in compressed form in Sense and Non-Sense's "Battle over Existentialism" (Les Temps modernes No. 2, Novemb…

• Phenomenology of Spirit Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 2018

  Author(s): Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) Year: 1807 (original); 2018 (Pinkard trans., Cambridge Hegel Translations) Type: book (Hegel's first published system; originally subtitled System der Wissenschaft. Erster Theil. Die Phä…

• Philosophy of Reflection

  Merleau-Ponty's name (la philosophie réflexive) for the family of philosophical positions running from Descartes through Kant to Husserl that take reflection — the conversion of perception into thought of perceiving — as the founding philo…

• Propaedeutic Dialectic

  The staged dialectical entry that Merleau-Ponty uses to introduce a phenomenological investigation into a subject area. The form: naïve attitude → first ill-judged universalism → objectifying scientific stage (yielding a "truth of objectiv…

• Quantität (Hegel)

  Quantität (also Größe) is the second Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw 2843–4659), positioned between Fürsichseyn (the close of Qualität) and Maß (the categorial unity of Qualität and Quantität). Hegel's signature claim: Quanti…

• Recognition and Institution

  Chouraqui 2025's name for the structural form of agency in Merleau-Ponty's mature ethics: action is the simultaneous unity of recognition (taking the object as a standard, responding to what is) and institution (actively assigning meaning,…

• Redoubled Negation

  Merleau-Ponty's term for a negation that is inside being rather than opposed to it — "a more profound or re-doubled negation" (V&I 53–54). It names the negative that is concretely configured into the structure of sensation and significatio…

• Reflexion (Hegel)

  Hegel's Reflexion — the engine of the entire Doctrine of Essence — is not a subjective comparison-and-generalization activity (Kantian reflection) nor introspection (Cartesian-Lockean). It is an ontological structure of Wesen itself: "abso…

• Reflexionsbestimmungen (Reflection-Determinations)

  The four Reflexionsbestimmungen of difference — Identität, Verschiedenheit, Gegensatz, Widerspruch — form a single graded sequence in which difference deepens until it becomes contradiction, and contradiction dissolves into Grund. Located…

• Revolution as Another Stiftung

  The structural-parallel thesis — anchored in Merleau-Ponty's cardinal formulation at Institution and Passivity p. 13, "the very general sense of institution is not the opposite of revolution; revolution is another Stiftung" — that revoluti…

• Schein (Semblance / Show, Hegel)

  Schein — semblance, show, illusion — is the second category of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4344–4378), positioned between Wesen-as-such and Reflexion. Hegel's cardinal thesis: "Der Schein ist das eigene Setzen des Wesens" (raw 4308…

• Schlechte vs. wahre Unendlichkeit (Bad vs. True Infinity)

  Hegel's distinction between the schlechte (bad / spurious) and wahre (true / affirmative) infinity is the signature thesis of the Unendlichkeit-chapter of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw ~2270–2438). The locus classicus: "die Hauptsache i…

• Schluß (Syllogism, Hegel)

  Der Schluß — the syllogism — is the third moment of Subjectivität in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 90–125). Hegel's cardinal thesis: the syllogism is "the truth of judgment" — and in its developed form, "everything rational is a s…

• Schmerz als Vorrecht des Lebendigen (Pain as Privilege of the Living, Hegel)

  Schmerz als Vorrecht des Lebendigen — pain as privilege of the living — is Hegel's cardinal formulation in the Life chapter of the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 p. 194). The full sentence: "Der Schmerz ist daher das Vorrecht lebendiger Na…

• Sein, Nichts, Werden (Being, Nothing, Becoming)

  The opening triad of Hegel's Wissenschaft der Logik — pure Sein (Being), pure Nichts (Nothing), and Werden (Becoming) as their truth. Pure Being and pure Nothing are the same: equally featureless, equally indeterminate, equally empty. Thei…

• Setzen / Voraussetzen (Positing / Presupposing, Hegel)

  The paired terms Setzen (positing) and Voraussetzen (presupposing) are the engine of Reflexion in the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4400–4516). Hegel's cardinal claim: "die setzende Reflexion ist von Anfang an auch voraussetzend" — the po…

• Sittlichkeit

  Hegel's term — Pinkard renders as "ethical life" — for the lived, substantial ethical substance of a people (a polis, a tradition) as distinct from Moralität (Kantian individual morality). Sittlichkeit is the immediate form of Spirit (Chap…

• Speculative Good Friday

  Hegel's name (from Glauben und Wissen, 1802; recapitulated in the Phenomenology Religion chapter at §§779–785) for the dialectical-speculative meaning of Christ's death: the death of the divine mediator is simultaneously the death of the a…

• Substanz (Substance, Hegel)

  Substanz — substance — is the first moment of the Dritter Abschnitt (Wirklichkeit) of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 6181–6206, with the cardinal Spinoza-Anmerkung at raw 5951–5989). Substance is Spinoza's principle taken with utmost s…

• Teleology (Hegel)

  Teleologie is the third and culminating sub-moment of Objectivität in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 154–172). For Hegel, teleology is not a regulative maxim of reflective judgment (Kant's restriction in the Critique of Judgment) a…

• Terry Pinkard

  American philosopher (Professor at Georgetown), one of the foremost Anglophone Hegel scholars of the late 20c and early 21c. The wiki tracks Pinkard as the translator and editor of the 2018 Cambridge edition of Hegel's Phänomenologie des G…

• The Absolute as Moral Catastrophe

  Merleau-Ponty's diagnostic that the philosopher's claim to Absolute Knowledge is not merely an epistemological error but a moral catastrophe whose political form is purges. Developed in Sense and Non-Sense's "The Metaphysical in Man" (Chap…

• The Structure of Behavior Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 1942

  Author(s): Maurice Merleau-Ponty Year: 1942 (French original); 1963 English translation by Alden L. Fisher Type: book — Merleau-Ponty's first published work, defended as primary doctoral thesis in 1939, published 1942 by PUF; the propaedeu…

• The Thinking of the Sensible: Merleau-Ponty's A-Philosophy Mauro Carbone, 2004

  Author(s): Mauro Carbone Year: 2004 Type: book (commentary; collection of reworked essays)

• The Two Hegels (1807 vs. 1827)

  Merleau-Ponty's structural distinction between the Hegel of 1807 (the Phänomenologie des Geistes) and the Hegel of 1827 (the Encyclopädie + Philosophy of Right). Developed in the 1946 essay "Hegel's Existentialism" (Chapter 5 of Sense and…

• Theodicy

  The philosophical project of justifying God's permission of evil in creation — coined by Leibniz in his 1710 Essais de théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal. The Love & Schmidt editors' Introduction to t…

• Thinking through French Philosophy: The Being of the Question Leonard Lawlor, 2003

  Author: Leonard Lawlor (University of Memphis, Department of Philosophy) · Year: 2003 · Type: book (collected essays, revised; Indiana University Press, Studies in Continental Thought series)

• Three Orders of Signification

  Merleau-Ponty's ontological-pivot thesis in The Structure of Behavior Ch III: matter, life, and mind are not powers of being but three orders of signification, distinguished by the type of equilibrium each achieves and the kind of integrat…

• Transcendental Apperception (Kant / Hegel)

  The transcendental unity of apperception — Kant's "I think" that must be able to accompany all my representations (Critique of Pure Reason B132) — is, for Kant, the highest principle of the understanding's a-priori synthesis of intuitions.…

• Truth of Objectivism

  Merleau-Ponty's phrase at The Problem of Speech (PbP) p. 57: the truth that the objectifying scientific stage of the propaedeutic dialectic yields, which the integrative recovery must preserve rather than discard. The structurally analogou…

• Trần Đức Thảo

  Vietnamese-French philosopher, phenomenologist, and marxist. Author of Phénoménologie et matérialisme dialectique (Minh-Tân, 1951; Gordon and Breach, 1985 trans.) — the principal work integrating Husserlian phenomenology with marxist mater…

• Unendliches Urtheil (Infinite Judgment, Hegel)

  The unendliches Urtheil — infinite judgment — is a sub-doctrine of the Urtheil des Daseyns in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 76–77). The infinite judgment is a judgment in which subject and predicate share no common sphere: "the sp…

• Unhappy Consciousness

  Das unglückliche Bewusstsein — Hegel's name for the split self that emerges at the end of the Self-Consciousness chapter (§§206–230). After mastery, Stoicism, and Skepticism have all failed to actualize self-consciousness's freedom, consci…

• Ur-Theilung (Original Parting, Hegel)

  Ur-Theilung (or Ur-Teilung) is Hegel's etymological-philosophical move on the German Urtheil (judgment) in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 60–66). The compound Ur-theilen reads Urtheil as the original (Ur) parting (Theilung) — judgm…

• Urtheil (Judgment, Hegel)

  Urtheil — judgment — is the second moment of Subjectivität in the Doctrine of the Concept (GW 12 pp. 53–89). Hegel's cardinal thesis: judgment is not the connection of two pre-existing concepts but the original Theilung — the Ur-Theilung —…

• Verkehrte Welt (Inverted World, Hegel)

  The verkehrte Welt — inverted world — is one of Hegel's signature dialectical figures, attested in both the Phenomenology of Spirit (p. 96) and the 1813 Wissenschaft der Logik (GW 11 raw 5619 ff.). The cardinal philological feature: the Wd…

• Verschiedenheit (Diversity / Difference, Hegel)

  Verschiedenheit — diversity, difference (external) — is the second of the four Reflexionsbestimmungen in the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 4660 ff.). Verschiedenheit is difference held externally — two terms held apart by a third (the "In…

• Vorstellung vs. Begriff

  Hegel's contrast between Vorstellung (representation / picture-thinking / "idea" in the loose sense) and Begriff (concept) marks the threshold between unscientific and scientific consciousness. The contrast runs throughout the Phenomenolog…

• Wahlverwandschaft (Elective Affinity, Hegel)

  Wahlverwandschaft — elective affinity — is the chemical sub-doctrine of reales Maaß in the Maß-section of the Doctrine of Being (GW 21 raw ~5050–5150). Hegel reads the Berthollet-Berzelius dispute on chemical affinity as a categorial dispu…

• Wahre Widerlegung (True Refutation, Hegel)

  Die wahre Widerlegung — true refutation — is Hegel's methodological doctrine that a philosophical system cannot be refuted from outside: it must be entered, recognized as a necessary standpoint, and shown to drive itself past itself. Locat…

• Wechselwirkung (Reciprocal Action, Hegel)

  Wechselwirkung — reciprocal action — is the closing category of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 6377–6397). Hegel's signature claim: Wechselwirkung is not the truth — it is the dissolution of the Causalitätsverhältnis but not itself the…

• Wesen (Essence, Hegel)

  Hegel's Wesen — Essence — is the middle book of the Wissenschaft der Logik and the only section Hegel never revised. Wesen is not a hidden substrate behind Sein but Sein's own zeitlos vergangene recoil into itself: knowledge that wants the…

• Wesentliches Verhältnis (Essential Relation, Hegel)

  The wesentliche Verhältniß — essential relation — is the closing triadic structure of the Erscheinung-section of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5637–5848). Three stages, each formally incomplete because identity and difference of the r…

• Widerspruch (Hegel)

  Hegel's Widerspruch — contradiction — is the most famous and most contested doctrine in his Logic: that contradiction is the positive root of all motion, life, and drive, not a defect to be avoided. The locus classicus is the Anmerkung to…

• Wirklichkeit (Actuality, Hegel)

  Wirklichkeit — actuality — is the central category of the Dritter Abschnitt of the Doctrine of Essence (GW 11 raw 5851 ff.). Wirklichkeit is higher than both Existenz and Sein; it is the manifested unity of inner and outer. Hegel's cardina…

• Wissenschaft der Logik, Erster Band: Die Objective Logik (1812/1813) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1813

  Author: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · Year: 1812/1813 · Type: book

• Wissenschaft der Logik, Erster Theil: Die Lehre vom Sein (1832 revision) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1832

  Author: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · Year: 1832 · Type: book

• Wissenschaft der Logik, Zweiter Band: Die Subjective Logik oder Lehre vom Begriff (1816) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1816

  Author: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · Year: 1816 · Type: book

• Éric Weil

  German-born French philosopher, naturalized 1938. Author of Logique de la philosophie (Vrin 1950) and Hegel et l'État (Vrin 1950) — both works on Hegel and post-Hegelian philosophy. Parallel reader of Hegel to MP in the late 1940s; lecture…